• Ethical hacking overview
• Methodology overview
• Essential hacking tools
• Key Linux commands

The Unix bourne-again shell, also known as Bash, is a command processor that runs in the Kali Linux terminal. Bash scripting and command execution is the foundation of penetration testing.

• Discuss network vulnerabilities and network-based attacks
• Understand the roles of TCP/IP protocol
• Understand basic commands to obtain network and process information
• Learn network-based commands

In Linux, viewing and configuring network connections is not only a fundamental aspect of computer and network security, but it is also an essential piece of the penetration testing infrastructure.

• Learn information gathering techniques
• Learn Reconnaissance tools
• Identify and map networks
• Leverage packet analysis tools

Wireshark is a free and open source network protocol analyzer that is both efficient and effective. In Kali Linux, packets are captured in Wireshark by penetration testers and cybersecurity professionals on a daily basis.

Again, Wireshark is a free and open source network protocol analyzer that is both efficient and effective. It is necessary for penetration testers to understand the packets that are traversing through a network segment while discovering network hosts and navigating to websites.

• Learn how to leverage enumeration tools
• Identify specific services in relation to their ports and states
• Understand the relationship between packets and traffic types
• Learn the importance of the three-way handshake

The CLI tool, nmap, and its GUI counterpart, Zenmap, are both extremely important when it comes to identifying and enumerating network hosts, ports and services, and more.

• Identify vulnerabilities
• Leverage vulnerability assessment tools
• Understand Metasploit
• Leverage Metasploit

Metasploit is a software project that is arranged for penetration testing. Metasploit provides essential information about computer and network security vulnerabilities and helps users exploit machines.

Using the results of an exploit to enable another exploit is something penetration testers do on a daily basis. Once their exploits take them deep enough into a remote system, using MySQL syntax to navigate a MySQL database can be a crucial skill when they're in search of information.

• Verify findings
• Review configurations
• Conduct root cause analysis

• Analyze network security assessment areas
• Learn security architecture and design
• understand firewall technologies
• Analyze IDS and IPS

Removing evidence, also known as covering your tracks, is the last step in penetration testing. Although it is the last step, it is by far not the least important.

This challenge is based on the first four labs of this series. This lab reflects the Identify domain of penetration testing.

This challenge is based on the last four labs of this series. This lab reflects the Identify, Detect, and Recover domains of penetration testing.